Countries across the world witness protests from the masses in connection to policy issues, rights violations and many a time in connection to "lack of liberty" in the states and others. And in terms of protests, India is no exception. Right from its independence in 1947 to 2023, it has witnessed scores of protests, mass movements questioning and opposing the stances of governments of different times.

Since the BJP-led NDA government under Narendra Modi’s leadership came into power in India in 2014, with its re-election to the throne in 2019, the government has faced major protests that received serious scrutiny from scholars, journalists, and researchers across the globe.