What is hiatus hernia? Expert lists down symptoms and treatment

Hiatus hernia is a condition that is more common than often realised affecting individuals of various ages and backgrounds This type of internal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through a widened opening in the diaphragm The diaphragm is a muscular sheet separating the chest from the abdominal cavity Sometimes it can weaken leading to the development of a hiatus herniaDr Aparna Govil Bhasker consultant bariatric and laparoscopic surgeon metaheal laparoscopy and bariatric surgery centre Mumbai Saifee Apollo and Namaha Hospitals Mumbai says ldquoThis condition can be present from birth and may also occur due to factors such as weight lifting severe constipation chronic cough or in the elderly and individuals with obesityrdquoTypes of hiatus herniaThere are mainly two types of hiatus hernia1 Sliding hiatus hernia This is the most common type of hiatus hernia In this type the junction of the food pipe and stomach and sometimes the upper part of the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatal opening This movement can lead to symptoms such as acid reflux heartburn and regurgitation of stomach contents into the food pipe2 Paraoesophageal hernia This is a less common type where the stomach and the food pipe remain in their natural positions but a part of the stomach may protrude through the hiatal opening This type of hernia can lead to complications such as strangulation of stomach tissue and impaired blood supply This can be very painful and also lead to vomitingAlso Read Uncontrolled hypertension in the young can raise risk of heart failure vision loss and cognitive decline DoctorsSigns and symptomsSymptoms of hiatus hernia can vary with some individuals experiencing no symptoms while others may have severe acid reflux Common signs and symptoms include heartburn acidity swallowing difficulties vomiting and acid refluxThese symptoms may worsen when lying down or bending and improve when in an upright position Some individuals may also experience breathlessness and asthmalike symptoms while others may experience change in voice and develop ulcers leading to blood in vomiting or darkcoloured stoolsDiagnosisDiagnosing a hiatus hernia involves a comprehensive evaluation including a detailed history and clinical examination Various tests may be conducted such as1 Barium swallow or esophagogram This test involves drinking a barium solution that helps visualise the stomachs silhouette on fluoroscopy2 Upper GI endoscopy A procedure using an endoscope to visualise the stomach and duodenum to assess the hiatal defects size and grade3 24hour pH manometry Measures acid pressure and movement within the food pipeAlso Read Yeast infection UTI and Jock itch Common infections of intimate areas and prevention tipsTreatmentTreatment for hiatus hernia includes lifestyle modifications dietary changes medications and surgical interventionPatients are advised to eat small frequent meals avoid spicy and oily foods have an early dinner and sleep with the head elevatedAntacid medications may provide relief for some patientsSurgery is recommended for those who do not respond to medications experience complications like Barretts oesophagus asthmalike symptoms or ulcersSurgery for hiatus herniaSurgery for hiatus hernia particularly for those with symptomatic or complicated cases may be recommended by healthcare professionals Here is an overview of the surgical options for hiatus herniaLaparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication This is one of the most common surgical procedures for hiatus hernia It involves making several small incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope and surgical instruments are inserted The surgeon makes a 360 degree wrap of the upper part of the stomach fundus around the lower part of the foodpipe along with tightening of the lax cruraAlso Read Vital organ damage to death Mumbai doctors share tips to protect yourself from heatstroke in summerLaparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication Similar to Nissen fundoplication Toupet fundoplication is also performed laparoscopically In this procedure the fundus of the stomach is partially wrapped around the esophagus creating a 270degree wrap instead of a full 360degree wrap as in Nissen fundoplicationIts important to note that the choice of surgical approach depends on various factors including the size and type of hernia severity of symptoms overall health of the patient and surgeons expertise Patients undergoing surgery for hiatus hernia should discuss the risks benefits and expected outcomes with their surgeon to make an informed decision about the most suitable surgical optionIn conclusion consulting a healthcare professional and seeking the right treatment is essential for individuals with hiatus hernia By understanding the symptoms diagnosis and treatment options individuals can effectively manage this condition and improve their quality of lifeDisclaimer This information does not replace professional medical advice Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance