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How our body clock senses light to form circadian rhythm

In this in-depth exploration, we decode how circadian rhythms take cues from external light-dark cycle to conduct body’s diverse mechanisms

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Humans’ circadian rhythms, or internal clocks, are the roughly 24-hour cycles many body systems follow, usually alternating between wakefulness and rest. Image Courtesy: iStock

Humans’ circadian rhythms, or internal clocks, are the roughly 24-hour cycles many body systems follow, usually alternating between wakefulness and rest. Image Courtesy: iStock

Humans live in a perpetual 24-hour rhythm. When the morning light falls upon the eye, it travels a path that culminates at the deepest corner of our brain. Known as Hypothalamus, this corner controls vital bodily functions like temperature, hunger, thirst and metabolism. Upon reaching here, the light stimulates brain cells which set off the body’s internal clock. As the clock begins to tick, a sense of wakefulness is induced.

It is for this cycle, that we often wake up right before the alarm goes off. Nature has endowed humans with a recurring life rhythm. Known as Circadian rhythms, these are physical, mental, and behavioural changes that follow a 24-hour routine. They work like a music composition by orchestrating a symphony of anatomical processes that shape our daily lives. Researchers have found that animals also exhibit daily patterns that follow a circadian cycle.

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